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Compare Christmas Island (2001) - Tuvalu (2001)
Compare Christmas Island (2001) z Tuvalu (2001)
| Christmas Island (2001) | Tuvalu (2001) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | none (territory of Australia) | none |
| Age structure | 0-14 years:
NA% 15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA% |
0-14 years:
33.28% (male 1,862; female 1,796) 15-64 years: 61.6% (male 3,241; female 3,529) 65 years and over: 5.12% (male 236; female 327) (2001 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | NA | coconuts; fish |
| Airports | 1 (2000 est.) | 1 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total:
1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
- |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | - | total:
1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
| Area | total:
135 sq km land: 135 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total:
26 sq km land: 26 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | about 0.7 times the size of Washington, DC | 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | Named in 1643 for the day of its discovery, the island was annexed and settlement was begun by the UK in 1888. Phosphate mining began in the 1890s. The UK transferred sovereignty to Australia in 1958. The phosphate mine, closed in 1987, was reopened four years later, but the need for an alternative industry has spurred investment in tourism. Old mining areas are being restored, and almost two-thirds of the island has been declared a national park. | In 1974, ethnic differences within the British colony of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands caused the Polynesians of the Ellice Islands to vote for separation from the Micronesians of the Gilbert Islands. The following year, the Ellice Islands became the separate British colony of Tuvalu. Independence was granted in 1978. In 2000, Tuvalu negotiated a contract leasing its Internet domain name ".tv" for $50 million in royalties over the next dozen years. |
| Birth rate | NA births/1,000 population | 21.56 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Budget | revenues:
$NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA |
revenues:
$6.2 million expenditures: $6.1 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.) |
| Capital | The Settlement | Funafuti |
| Climate | tropical; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds | tropical; moderated by easterly trade winds (March to November); westerly gales and heavy rain (November to March) |
| Coastline | 138.9 km | 24 km |
| Constitution | Christmas Island Act of 1958 | 1 October 1978 |
| Country name | conventional long form:
Territory of Christmas Island conventional short form: Christmas Island |
conventional long form:
none conventional short form: Tuvalu former: Ellice Islands |
| Currency | Australian dollar (AUD) | Australian dollar (AUD); note - there is also a Tuvaluan dollar |
| Death rate | NA deaths/1,000 population | 7.55 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Debt - external | $NA | $NA |
| Dependency status | territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Australian Department of the Environment, Sport, and Territories | - |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | none (territory of Australia) | the US does not have an embassy in Tuvalu; the US ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tuvalu |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | none (territory of Australia) | Tuvalu does not have an embassy in the US |
| Disputes - international | none | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | $NA | $13 million (1999 est.); note - major donors are Japan and Australia |
| Economy - overview | Phosphate mining had been the only significant economic activity, but in December 1987 the Australian Government closed the mine. In 1991, the mine was reopened by union workers. With the support of the government, Australian-based Casinos Austria International Ltd. built a $34 million casino on Christmas Island, which opened in 1993. As of yearend 1999, gaming facilities at the casino were temporarily closed but were expected to reopen in early 2000. Another economic prospect is the possible location of a space-launching site on the island. | Tuvalu consists of a densely populated, scattered group of nine coral atolls with poor soil. The country has no known mineral resources and few exports. Subsistence farming and fishing are the primary economic activities. Government revenues largely come from the sale of stamps and coins and worker remittances. About 1,000 Tuvaluans work in Nauru in the phosphate mining industry. Nauru has begun repatriating Tuvaluans, however, as phosphate resources decline. Substantial income is received annually from an international trust fund established in 1987 by Australia, NZ, and the UK and supported also by Japan and South Korea. Thanks to wise investments and conservative withdrawals, this Fund has grown from an initial $17 million to over $35 million in 1999. The US government is also a major revenue source for Tuvalu, with 1999 payments from a 1988 treaty on fisheries at about $9 million, a total which is expected to rise annually. In an effort to reduce its dependence on foreign aid, the government is pursuing public sector reforms, including privatization of some government functions and personnel cuts of up to 7%. In 1998, Tuvalu began deriving revenue from use of its area code for "900" lines and in 2000, from the sale of its ".tv" Internet domain name. Royalties from these new technology sources could raise GDP three or more times over the next decade. In 1999, with merchandise exports falling and financing reaching less than 5% of imports, continued reliance was placed on fishing and telecommunications license fees, remittances from overseas workers, official transfers, and investment income from overseas assets to cover the trade deficit. |
| Electricity - consumption | NA kWh | - |
| Electricity - production | NA kWh | - |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel:
NA% hydro: NA% nuclear: NA% other: NA% |
fossil fuel:
NA% hydro: NA% nuclear: NA% other: NA% |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Murray Hill 361 m |
lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 5 m |
| Environment - current issues | NA | since there are no streams or rivers and groundwater is not potable, most water needs must be met by catchment systems with storage facilities (the Japanese Government has built one desalination plant and plans to build one other); beachhead erosion because of the use of sand for building materials; excessive clearance of forest undergrowth for use as fuel; damage to coral reefs from the spread of the Crown of Thorns starfish; Tuvalu is very concerned about global increases in greenhouse gas emissions and their effect on rising sea levels, which threaten the country's underground water table |
| Environment - international agreements | - | party to:
Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: Biodiversity, Law of the Sea |
| Ethnic groups | Chinese 61%, Malay 25%, European 11%, other 3%, no indigenous population | Polynesian 96% |
| Exchange rates | Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.7995 (January 2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997), 1.2773 (1996) | Tuvaluan dollars or Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.7995 (January 2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997), 1.2773 (1996) |
| Executive branch | chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by the Australian governor general head of government: Administrator William Leonard TAYLOR (since 4 February 1999) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the monarch and Australia |
chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Sir Tomasi PUAPUA (since 26 June 1998) head of government: Acting Prime Minister Lagitupu (of Nanumea) TUILIMU (since 8 December 2000); note - TUILIMU took over after Prime Minister Ionatana IONATANA died suddenly of a heart attack on 8 December 2000 cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; prime minister and deputy prime minister elected by and from the members of Parliament; election last held 27 April 1999 (next to be held NA 2002) election results: results of the last election for prime minister - Ionatana IONATANA elected prime minister; percent of Parliament vote - NA%; Lagitupu (of Nanumea) TUILIMU elected deputy prime minister; percent of Parliament vote - NA%; note - Deputy Prime Minister Lagitupu (of Nanumea) TUILIMU became acting prime minister following the death of Prime Minister Ionatana IONATANA on 8 December 2000 |
| Exports | $NA | $165,000 (f.o.b., 1989) |
| Exports - commodities | phosphate | copra |
| Exports - partners | Australia, NZ | Fiji, Australia, NZ |
| Fiscal year | 1 July - 30 June | calendar year |
| Flag description | the flag of Australia is used | light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the outer half of the flag represents a map of the country with nine yellow five-pointed stars symbolizing the nine islands |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $NA | purchasing power parity - $11.6 million (1999 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture:
NA% industry: NA% services: NA% |
agriculture:
NA% industry: NA% services: NA% |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $NA | purchasing power parity - $1,100 (1999 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | NA% | 3% (1999 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 10 30 S, 105 40 E | 8 00 S, 178 00 E |
| Geography - note | located along major sea lanes of Indian Ocean | - |
| Highways | total:
140 km (not including 100 km that is maintained by private industry) paved: 30 km unpaved: 110 km (1999) |
total:
8 km paved: 0 km unpaved: 8 km (1996) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | $NA | $4.4 million (c.i.f., 1989) |
| Imports - commodities | consumer goods | food, animals, mineral fuels, machinery, manufactured goods |
| Imports - partners | principally Australia | Fiji, Australia, NZ |
| Independence | none (territory of Australia) | 1 October 1978 (from UK) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% | NA% |
| Industries | tourism, phosphate extraction (near depletion) | fishing, tourism, copra |
| Infant mortality rate | NA deaths/1,000 live births | 22.65 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | NA% | 7% (1999 est.) |
| International organization participation | none | ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, IFRCS (associate), Intelsat (nonsignatory user), ITU, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WTrO (applicant) |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 2 (2000) | 1 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court | High Court (a chief justice visits twice a year to preside over its sessions; its rulings can be appealed to the Court of Appeal in Fiji); eight Island Courts (with limited jurisdiction) |
| Labor force | NA | NA |
| Labor force - by occupation | tourism 400 people, mining 100 people (1995) | people make a living mainly through exploitation of the sea, reefs, and atolls and from wages sent home by those working abroad (mostly workers in the phosphate industry and sailors) |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | 0 km |
| Land use | arable land:
NA% permanent crops: NA% permanent pastures: NA% forests and woodland: NA% other: NA% note: mainly tropical rainforest of which 60%-70% is in a national park |
arable land:
0% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 0% forests and woodland: 0% other: 100% (1993 est.) |
| Languages | English, Chinese, Malay | Tuvaluan, English |
| Legal system | under the authority of the governor general of Australia and Australian law | NA |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Christmas Island Shire Council (9 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve one-year terms)
elections: last held NA December 2000 (next to be held NA December 2001) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9 |
unicameral Parliament or Fale I Fono, also called House of Assembly (12 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 26-27 March 1998 (next to be held by NA 2002) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 12 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population:
NA years male: NA years female: NA years |
total population:
66.65 years male: 64.52 years female: 68.88 years (2001 est.) |
| Literacy | - | definition:
NA total population: NA% male: NA% female: NA% |
| Location | Southeastern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia | Oceania, island group consisting of nine coral atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia |
| Map references | Southeast Asia | Oceania |
| Maritime claims | contiguous zone:
12 NM exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 3 NM |
contiguous zone:
24 NM exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Merchant marine | none (2000 est.) | total:
9 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 52,135 GRT/68,300 DWT ships by type: cargo 5, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 2 (2000 est.) |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of Australia | - |
| Military branches | - | no regular military forces; Police Force includes Maritime Surveillance Unit for search and rescue missions and surveillance operations |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | - | $NA |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | - | NA% |
| National holiday | NA | Independence Day, 1 October (1978) |
| Nationality | noun:
Christmas Islander(s) adjective: Christmas Island |
noun:
Tuvaluan(s) adjective: Tuvaluan |
| Natural hazards | the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard | severe tropical storms are usually rare, but, in 1997, there were three cyclones; low level of islands make them very sensitive to changes in sea level |
| Natural resources | phosphate | fish |
| Net migration rate | NA migrant(s)/1,000 population | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | none | there are no political parties but members of Parliament usually align themselves in informal groupings |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | none | none |
| Population | 2,771 (July 2001 est.) | 10,991 (July 2001 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 7.77% (2001 est.) | 1.4% (2001 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Flying Fish Cove | Funafuti, Nukufetau |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998) | AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Radios | 1,000 (1997) | 4,000 (1997) |
| Railways | 24 km to serve phosphate mines | 0 km |
| Religions | Buddhist 55%, Christian 15%, Muslim 10%, other 20% (1991) | Church of Tuvalu (Congregationalist) 97%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.4%, Baha'i 1%, other 0.6% |
| Sex ratio | - | at birth:
1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
| Suffrage | - | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment:
NA domestic: NA international: satellite earth stations - one Intelsat earth station provides telephone and telex service |
general assessment:
serves particular needs for internal communications domestic: radiotelephone communications between islands international: NA |
| Telephones - main lines in use | NA | 1,000 (1997) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 0 (1999) | 0 (1994) |
| Television broadcast stations | NA | 0 (1997) |
| Terrain | steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau | very low-lying and narrow coral atolls |
| Total fertility rate | NA children born/woman | 3.09 children born/woman (2001 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | NA% | NA% |
| Waterways | none | none |
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